The RCGEB was the first institution in the country and in the former Yugoslavia that used techniques of recombinant DNA technology in the diagnosis and prevention of hereditary diseases (thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, etc.), malignant disease (colon cancer, cervical cancer and breast cancer), infectious diseases (hepatitis B and C virus, human papilloma virus, infection by Chlamydia trachomatis) and forensic medicine.

The RCGEB is part of the EMQN (European Molecular Quality Network) - Network quality control investigations in molecular characterization of the most common hereditary diseases, the IQAS (International Quality Assessment Scheme) - network for determining the quality (accuracy) of the analysis in forensics, and the ISTA (International Seed Testing Association) - network for determining the quality of the analysis of genetically modified organisms.